Tuesday, 4 March 2014

Lupita: Hollywood’s Newest Black Fetish

Lupita Nyong’o, like Whoopi Goldberg in 'Colour Purple' in 1985, Jennifer Hudson in 2006’s 'Dreamgirls', Gabourey Sidibe in 'Precious' in 2009 and Viola Davis in the 2011 film 'The Help', is the latest in a line of previously unknown black women with a non-standard form of beauty to have come out of nowhere to capture the hearts and minds of critics and fans worldwide, sweeping the awards season with armfuls of trophies for their (debut) performance in a film about poor, oppressed black people.

And the darker the fresh, young talent’s skin or the bigger her girth, the more likely she is to garner praise for her gritty, moving, and intense portrayal of a tragic character who spends most of the film in question depressed.

The unconventional looking starlet (or in the case of Viola Davis, the previously little-known talent) is placed on a pedestal by the media that falls over itself to declare her beautiful (when previously such looks were never even present in the mainstream, much less praised) and kick-start discussions about black beauty in a white beauty dominated world. The lucky woman’s own traumatic true story is also publicised to add fascination and an uplifting ‘triumph over adversity’ angle to the media glare.

But it is curious that the powers that be in Hollywood seem to like producing and then exalting films that cast black people in an unfortunate universe where they face untold suffering, cast a distinctive-looking woman in the lead or supporting role, and then celebrate her.

Why does female African-American film success always have to rise from torment?

Halle Berry too won a Best Actress Oscar for her role in 'Monster’s Ball' (2001) as poor widow Leticia – whose husband is killed on death row and whose overweight son is run over by a car – who then copulates with the white warden who oversaw the execution of her husband in a raw, uncomfortably realistic sex scene, the kind normally reserved for pornography.

Although Halle was an established actress before this role, she was similarly thrust into the limelight and widely tipped to win an Oscar following 'Monster’s Ball'. But the movie’s makers, the Academy and even Halle herself received criticism from the African American community for the inelegance of her character and the seeming requirement that only such a debased role could get her professional recognition.

Rapper Jadakiss, in a track titled 'Why?', voiced the exasperations of his community in relation to the gongs given to black actors that year (co-incidentally Denzel Washington, the doyen of upright, inspirational movie characters, won a Best Actor Oscar for playing a corrupt police officer in 'Training Day' (2001), the first ‘negative’ role of his career): ‘Why Halle have to let a white man pop her to get a Oscar/Why Denzel have to be crooked before he took it?’

Indeed.

But another aspect of the likes of Lupita’s new-found fame, one which is often muted by the mainstream media’s rush to crown this black woman as wonderful, is the question of genuine acting chops. Although all, from Whoopi to Jennifer, Viola and Lupita, gave captivating performances, many ask if a combination of their relative newness to the acting world, their limited screen time (Lupita) or the fact that they sang rather than acted their way into people’s hearts (Jennifer) was enough to make their performance Oscar worthy, especially when pitted against more established actresses who gave weightier performances.

(Although no one can deny that Whoopi’s turn in 'Colour Purple' was substantial enough to merit her Best Actress nomination, but she didn’t win.)

Of course most Oscar-nominated pictures are usually harrowing in their characterisations and feature troubled people facing troubling circumstances – light-hearted romcoms or fun-filled comedy capers are not the stuff that Academy nominees are made of – but the Meryl Streeps and Cate Blanchetts of this world at least play respectable, mainstream characters met with problems, and Sandra Bullock won a Best Actress trophy for being a compassionate, middle-class mother (who adopts an African-American boy and leads him to success) in 'The Blind Side' in 2009.

Yet black women have to contend with playing intrinsically tragic characters whose very existence is despised by themselves and the world around them: slaves and servants.

It is telling to note that of all the black actresses nominated for Oscars in recent times, (including Hattie McDaniel, the first ever black woman to win an Oscar in 1940 for Best Supporting Actress in 'Gone With the Wind' where she played the maid) almost all played characters humiliated, harassed and/or cheapened by an oppressive male ‘villain,’ usually white (or in the case of Whoopi in 'Colour Purple', her African-American husband, and in Hudson’s case in 'Dreamgirls', her lover/father of her daughter).

Basically, to be a black woman and a shoe in for Academy consideration, you have to not be conventionally good looking (or in the case of Halle, try as hard as you can to look beat-down and unattractive – it evokes ‘realness’) and be demoralized onscreen to the point of suicide. And it helps too, if the film is based on a true story, in order to increase the pity and add more depth to not only the plight of your character but also of negroes past and present.

Then, as if by way of compensation for being so put-upon onscreen, you are rewarded with a golden statue, or at least a nomination, which raises your profile immensely and declares you the new darling of Hollywood. You will be heralded as a different kind of beauty, but a beauty nonetheless, and women who look like you will be inspired that the world can value them after all.
The establishment will declare you the ‘new it-girl,’ and if your African roots are still fresh, like with Lupita (Kenya), your African country, and in fact the whole of Africa, will glory in the light your success is shining on them.
So, congratulations to Lupita for her Oscar win. The Yale graduate is now Hollywood royalty. But let’s hope that her success is not a symptom of Hollywood’s desire to bestow annual glory on a token black woman as a show of fairness, whilst reserving the proper acclaim, better and longer term film roles and more critical consideration to white actresses.

Monday, 3 March 2014

Special Report: Nigeria’s Water Men (Mai Ruwa)


 In most parts of the country, particularly in the north, it is commonplace to see young men hawking water. The sight of these men with their trucks and yellow jerry cans attest to a terrible but widespread problem plaguing Nigerians: lack of access to clean, potable water.
With rivers and dams in abundance across the country, Nigeria’s water supply is at best laughable, especially when compared to a country like Libya that is 95 percent desert, yet is able to meet its people’s water demand. This is because in 1953, efforts to find oil in the southern part of the country led to the discovery of huge quantities of fresh water underground. Thus, the Great Manmade River project was conceived.
Estimated to have cost $25 billion, it was the largest water transport project ever undertaken. Scientists estimate that the amount of water harvested is equivalent to 200 years of water flow from the Nile River. Critics had initially mocked the idea, calling it Muammar Gaddafi’s ‘Pipedream’, but it came to be regarded as the Eighth Wonder of the World. Today, households in Libya not only enjoy easy access to clean water, but agriculture also benefits greatly from the GMR.
In a country like Nigeria where the economy grows only on paper while the majority of its youth are either unemployed or under-employed, the situation can best be likened to a rat race. According to WaterAid, the coverage of water supply in Nigeria is 60% in urban and 55% in rural areas, but this is hardly true in reality and many people, especially those living outside the major cities, continue to provide their own water.
This is where mai ruwas (Hausa word for water men) – as they are known – play a prominent role.
The Mobile Water Board
From Abuja to Sokoto to Maiduguri and almost every state in-between, mai ruwas have taken it upon themselves to supply people with water right to their doorsteps. As people struggle to put food on the table – most times leaving home very early before the children wake up and returning late when the children are asleep – they really value such services. From 6am to 6pm and sometimes beyond, one can get water without leaving the house.
These young men, some teenagers, come out every day with their trucks, announcing their presence by calling out “Asiya ruwa!” (Buy water) as they pass by, while others simply shout “Water borehole” (indicating that the water is from a borehole). A normal truck contains 12 20-litre jerry cans while some contain ten or even 14, but people prefer the 12-loader truck because it is cost effective.
Water sells differently, depending on the area. In the outskirts of Abuja, the average a 20-litre jerry can of water sells for is N20, three cost N50 and a complete truck sells for N200. At Masaka, Mararaba, Karu, Mpape, Kubwa, Lugbe, Zuba, Suleja and all the towns surrounding the Federal Capital Territory, a jerry can sells for N20.
But there are also areas within the FCT where these water hawkers are also found, negating the assumption that the seat of government ‘flows with milk and honey’. In the FCT, a jerry can sells for as much as N50 and a full truck for N600.
In Minna, Niger state capital, a truck of ten 20-litre jerry cans of water sells for N300. In other states, water sells cheaper and a jerry can may be bought for as little as N10. In states like Gombe, Sokoto, Zamfara, Kebbi or Jigawa, water is cheap as a result of people’s lower spending power.
Something for Everyone
It is easy to recognize the mai ruwas as originating from the north, where most of them travel out from to eke a living. A look at sellers in the FCT and environs will reveal men from Sokoto, Katsina, Jigawa, Kebbi, Kano, Zamfara, etc.
They usually arrive with little money and set out immediately to start making money. Some go into shoe-repairs while others go into petty trading. For those that opt to hawk water, they rent a truck, as they often cannot afford the N15, 000 cost of owning one, and pay a weekly rent of N600 or N700 depending on whether the truck is old or new.
The water hardship thus provides some people with business opportunities. The mai ruwas pay between N5 and N10 to fill each jerry can depending on the area. People can book their services by paying in advance or make them their personal water suppliers and pay weekly, fortnightly or monthly.
Ironically, the rainy season is the time when these watermen make more money as most of them travel back home to farm, and the ones who remain usually have more demand for water, especially when people experience lack of rain for days or weeks as is the case in most parts of the north.
Kabiru Shafe, a Fulani from Jigawa state prefers to stay back when his colleagues return home to farm and he says he does not regret it. “Sometimes I sell up to ten trucks a day when many of my friends leave, though it can be stressful because you have different orders to attend to at the same time,” he says.
Hygiene
According to WaterAid, Nigeria’s infant mortality rate is 167 per 1, 000 births, and each year there are 300, 000 deaths due to diarrhoea, malaria and typhoid, which together account for 70% of child mortality. Diarrhoea alone is responsible for 130, 000 deaths in under-fives each year.
But one major problem people have with mai ruwas is the unkemptness of most of them. From the clothes they wear to the jerry cans they use, the insanitary conduct of mai ruwas can be off-putting. What’s more, their blasé attitude does not help matters; it is commonplace to see them either drinking directly from the jerry cans or from the covers.
Overtime, people have also begun to question the honesty of some mai ruwas. Rather than fetch water from the taps, some would rather fetch from a well or river in a bid to avoid payment at the boreholes and, when asked, they are prepared to say anything to convince one that the water is from a borehole. Some of them actually fetch from wells or rivers to sell to car washes or block makers, but when these customers do not buy, rather than pouring the water away they sell it to home users.
Marginal Profits
The saying that no job is easy very much applies to water hawking. A regular 12- jerry can truck carries 240 litres in total, and the mai ruwas have to push these trucks around until someone calls for water. Sometimes they push the trucks for a kilometre or more, whilst also contending with bad roads and unfavourable weather conditions. Add to that, they start the day on empty stomachs and the day’s business determines how much food they eat. Also, whether or not they work, they have to remit their weekly fees as long as the trucks are with them.
“I have two wives and three children in Kano and I send them money every month. Because of the stress of work, I have to be careful how I live and spend money here. That is why you see six of us living together in a single room,” says Abubakar Isa, one of the mai ruwas.
The gain on each truck depends on how much they pay at the borehole. Some borehole owners charge N10 per jerry can while others charge N5. Those who pay N5 feel lucky because their counterparts who pay N10 still sell at the same price of N20 per litre.
For the borehole owners, the unhealthy business environment and conditions also affect them. The lack of electricity – the bane of both small and big businesses – is a major problem associated with the water business. A lot of borehole owners depend largely on diesel, a litre of which costs N160. Add that to the N800 weekly cost of engine oil and the cost of servicing the generators monthly, and what you have is a monthly expenditure of several thousands of naira.
Eunice Audu, a widow, depends solely on this business to take care of her four children, but it has never been easy. According to her, “I make an average of 5, 000 naira daily but spend about half of the money running the business.”
The 2015 target for Millennium Development Goals is barely a year away, but Nigeria is off target to meet the goal on water and sanitation. But whether or not the government is able to meet its obligation of providing potable water to its teeming population remains to be seen. As for mai ruwas, this is an obligation they are happy to meet. 
See below for more pictures:
Mai Ruwas in Minna, Niger state capital

Mai ruwas in Garki, Abuja

Garki, FCT, Abuja

Off-loaded jerry cans ready for use at Karu, Nasarawa state

Minna, Niger state

Auditors Search NNPC’s Finances for Missing $20bn

A team of 20 auditors have started combing through the accounts of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) in search of the $20bn (N3.2trillion) of missing oil revenues.

The Auditor General of the Federation Samuel Ukura, who appeared before the House of Representatives Committee on Public Accounts in Abuja, said the auditors had received specialised training on oil and gas accounts examinations in order to adequately determine the whereabouts of the funds that was unremitted to the Federation Account.

"We had a budget of N60 million for training and we were able to train 20 officers who are presently on the field auditing the accounts of the NNPC," he said.

The suspended Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, had revealed that the NNPC had failed to remit the trillions in naira of oil resources it exported on behalf of some partners and government agencies.

Since then the Minister of Finance, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and many Nigerians have been calling for an independent probe of NNPC's accounts.

FG: Why We Gave Abacha Centenary Award

The Federal Government defended its decision to honour General Sani Abacha with a centenary award by listing the economic achievements of the late military head of state’s regime.

Although admitting that Abacha’s tenure from 1993 to 1998 was controversial, the FG stated that the military dictator deserved to be among the 100 Nigerians to receive an award posthumously during the ceremony at the Presidential Villa in Abuja because of various economic successes recorded during his tenure.

These ‘unprecedented economic achievements’ included an increase in the country's foreign exchange reserves from $494 million in 1993 to $9.6 billion by the middle of 1997, and the reduction of Nigeria’s debt from $36 billion in 1993 to $27 billion in 1997. 
 
Abacha was also credited with ending all the controversial privatisation programs of the Babangida administration, reducing the inflation rate from 54 per cent to 8.5 per cent between 1993 and 1998, and it was during his tenure that oil averaged $9 per barrel.

Mr. Abacha's administration was also described as creating the most ‘comprehensive and realistic blueprint’ for Nigeria's development through the Vision 2010 committee chaired by his predecessor, Ernest Shonekan.   

However, many criticised the government’s award, stating that Abacha's regime was characterised by massive corruption, state-sponsored murder and assassination, and random imprisonment of persons seen as critical of government.

The government recently revealed that it spent the $500 million stolen money recovered from Abacha's accounts on rural development.
The first round of the 2014 National Immunisation Plus Days was launched at the weekend in Damagaza village, Abuja Municipal Area Council. 


The Executive Secretary of the Federal Capital Territory Primary Health Care Development Board (FCTPHCDB), Dr. Rilwanu Mohammed, who flagged off the programme, revealed that the first round of the Immunisation Plus days will hold from March 1 to March 4 across the federation. He stated that efforts were being made to ensure that Nigeria was certified a polio-free country. 

“Immunisation remains the most cost effective and efficient child survival strategy for children who are the future of tomorrow,” he said.

He therefore called on mothers and caregivers to make their babies and wards available for the vaccinations, adding that children under five years of age at homes, playgrounds, markets, religious places, car parks and event centres would be specifically targeted, irrespective of their immunisation status.

FCT Health Scheme Set to Provide Affordable Care

The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Health Services Scheme has expressed its readiness to provide affordable and qualitative healthcare services to the workforce and other residents of the territory, reports the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN).

The Programme Manager of the scheme, Dr Evans Onyekele, told NAN in Abuja recently that the social health insurance programme was designed to promote and improve the health situation in the FCT.

“The FHSS is a healthcare financing reform, or Social Health Insurance Scheme, which operates on the principles of solidarity, risk-sharing and pooling of resources,” he explained.

He added that its mission was to facilitate easy and stress-free healthcare financing through the pooling and judicious utilisation of financial resources to provide financial risk protection and cost burden-sharing for people.

Enrollees, he said, will have the right to choose a provider, the right to be issued with means of identification, and the right to easy access to quality healthcare without hindrance.

Wendell Simlin: When Silence is not Golden

Nigerians have come to expect the worst from most of their politicians, but very few wouldn’t have been shocked by the Wendell Simlin saga. This does point out to many things but one of the most telling is the fact that the capacity for evil of the Nigerian presidency is unlimited. Except the presidency comes out to deny it was part of the conspiracy.
 
In case you haven’t been updated about Wendell Simlin, he sent an email with an attached Microsoft Word document on Wednesday, the 26th of February 2014. The recipients of the email were selectively picked newspaper houses and bloggers. In the email, Simlin tried to create a logical link of events between the suspension of the governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Mallam Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, and the increased spate of terror attacks in the northeast.
 
The intent was clear: pass out the suspended CBN governor as a major financier of Boko Haram and a veteran terrorist himself. It did not matter that Alhaji Umaru Abdul-Mutallab was the first person to report his son to the American authorities about his son’s tendencies, Wendell Simlin still desperately portrayed Alhaji Abdul- Mutallab as a terrorist himself hoping that the elder Abdul-Mutallab’s previous relationship with Sanusi would make his argument more believable. (You can read up on it here Presidency Under Fire For Cooking Document Linking Sanusi to Boko Haram - Premium Times.)
Unfortunately for Wendell Simlin, curiousity got the better of one of the recipients of the email. Feyi Fawehinmi (@DoubleEph) checked the properties of the document sent by Wendell Simlin. The revelation was staggering: author-- Reno Omokri. This indicated that the computer on which the document was prepared was registered with the name “Reno Omokri.”
 
For those who may not know, Reno Omokri is not a private citizen. He works in the media team of the presidency as Special Assistant to the President on New Media. Dr. Reuben Abati has since made his role superfluous, but Reno Omokri remains officially a staff of the presidency and the presidency must take absolute responsibility for his indiscretions. This is not just your everyday indiscretion; this is something off the pages of the worst of propaganda. Something definitely has to give.
 
If the allegations are true – the facts stare at you they make the ‘if’ in the previous sentence invisible - did Reno Omokri act alone? Or did he act on instruction from a boss? One cannot expect the president himself to stoop so low but is there a chance some members of his kitchen cabinet are throwing everything they can at perceived political enemies?
 
The silence from the presidency on this issue screams “guilty” but one must at least give them the benefit of the doubt. There is the possibility of Reno Omokri acting alone. If he did act alone, why hasn’t he been sacked or suspended till the truth is established? As long as the presidency continues to allow impunities as these go unpunished, it would always be a tough task to argue against those who say this government has taken impunity to a new level.
 
This episode of Wendell Simlin is embarrassing indeed. It is sad and unfortunate. It says everything about the current desperation for power in our country. It is even more saddening when the person in question continues to portray himself as a pastor. Like my brother, Gimba Kakanda often says, may God save us from us!